Showing posts with label philosophy. Show all posts
Showing posts with label philosophy. Show all posts

The Fragility of Freedom: Tocqueville on Religion, Democracy, and the American Future Review

The Fragility of Freedom: Tocqueville on Religion, Democracy, and the American Future
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If you are reading Democracy in America and attempting to come to terms with Alexis de Tocqueville as he pertains to 21st century America, there is no better book I could suggest to you than Joshua Mitchell's The Fragility of Freedom.
Professor Joshua Mitchell, of Georgetown University, is indeed gifted at breathing life into what many students too often and mistakenly view as "dry" political theory. It was through Mitchell's guidance that I began to see Tocqueville's ideas - the need to fill the void within ourselves; America's ever expanding boundaries; self definition by action and acquistion - not only existing but thriving in America today. Political theory and philosophy came alive! It was exciting and that had never happened to me before.
For a student of Political Science, Philosophy or American History, this book is a must read. It's been over five years since I purchased this book and I still refer to it on a weekly basis.

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In this fresh interpretation of Tocqueville's thought, Joshua Mitchell explores the dynamic interplay between religion and politics in American democracy.Focusing on Democracy in America, The Fragility of Freedom examines Tocqueville's key works and argues that his analysis of democracy is ultimately rooted in an Augustinian view of human psychology. As much a work of political philosophy as of religion, The Fragility of Freedom argues for the importance of a political theology that recognizes moderation."An intelligent and sharply drawn portrait of a conservative Toqueville."—Anne C. Rose, Journal of American History"I recommend this book as one of a very few to approach seriously the sources of Tocqueville's intellectual and moral greatness."—Peter Augustine Lawler, Journal of Politics"Mitchell ably places Democracy in America in the long conversation of Western political and theological thought."—Wilfred M. McClay, First Things"Learned and thought-provoking."—Peter Berkowitz, New Republic

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Becoming Visionary: Brian De Palma's Cinematic Education of the Senses (Cultural Memory in the Present) Review

Becoming Visionary: Brian De Palma's Cinematic Education of the Senses (Cultural Memory in the Present)
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Though increasing in number (largely thanks to the work of Stanley Cavell, one of the key influences on this new book), legitimately philosophical accounts of film can be hard to come by, and many of those which are available offer either reductive flavors of 'philosophy' or tout the depth of particular films while giving short shrift to the philosophical issues they supposedly address. Against this backdrop, Eyal Peretz, who received a PhD in Comparative Literature from Yale and who is currently teaching at the University of Indiana, has set out for himself the ambitious task of studying a set of films (those of Brian De Palma) while simultaneously remaining soberly philosophical and rigorously attentive to the spirit of the films themselves. This is no simple task, yet Eyal Peretz's 'Becoming Visionary' is, in a single word, a triumph.
'Becoming Visionary' showcases in-depth readings of four particular De Palma films - the horror classic 'Carrie', the Antonioni-homage/thriller 'Blow-Out', the Kirk Douglas sci-fi family drama 'The Fury', and the recent neo-noir 'Femme Fatale' - and relates each of these to specific philosophical and theoretical concerns, including the notion of contingency, the sensation of horror, the relation of visual perception to meaning, and the role of paranoia and visions of false causality in creating narrative. Each of these readings is focused and nuanced, and all give considerable support to Peretz's designation of De Palma as an auteur uniquely sensitive to the uncanny dimensions of his medium. Whereas some might initially dismiss De Palma's work as B-grade or somehow undeserving of thoughtful attention, for Peretz, De Palma's films offer virgin ground for critical inquiry, and enter into philosophical dialogue on equal footing with blue-chip directors like Hitchchock. It is to Peretz's credit that, after reading 'Becoming Visionary', one can only agree with him.
Yet much more is it stake in 'Becoming Visionary' than a reading of a specific set of films, or even an elevation of De Palma's work to a new plane of artistic legitimacy. Peretz instead sets out to create a novel and systematic engagement with the philosophical relevance of cinema itself. Neither philosophy nor film studies suffers in this project: moments like Peretz's synopsis, early on, of the Platonic problematic of ideality versus representation are as lucid and insightful as his survey and critique of different Film Studies accounts of the suture and the frame. At both of these points in particular, a handful of Peretz's pages provides an incredibly sophisticated, clear, and fair take on topics that present several book-length 'introductions' (which you'll find separately shelved under 'Film' and 'Philosophy') a serious one-up in terms of impact, clarity, and analysis. This knack for consistent clarity and precision coexists in 'Becoming Visionary' with an earnest refusal to sidestep complex issues, or to tone down challenging points in Peretz's own analysis. Peretz's willingness to problematize and render more complex the models he suggests - by regularly engaging the idea of a division within the seeing eye, of competing conceptions of the frame, and so forth - is truly impressive, and contributes to construction of a remarkably comprehensive account of film, one that stands solidly alongside the conceptual edifices of Deleuze or Cavell, and which retains a pedagogical forcefulness all its own.
Hopefully, the discussion around 'Becoming Visionary' is just beginning. Peretz's book contains many things - a much-needed scholarly appraisal of a filmmaker often neglected by academics, thoughtful rejoinders and additions to several heated questions in modern film criticism, and a set of elegant reflections that draw in equal parts on Plato, Deleuze, Lacan, and Cavell. But 'Becoming Visionary' is one thing above all others: it is a sustained and effective object lesson in a revolutionary way of 'reading' films philosophically. Indeed, unlike many philosophically inclined writers, who take cinema as simple fodder for analyses in which films instantiate philosophically weighted scenarios and provide merely anecdotal supplements to illustrate philosophical arguments, Peretz proposes and performs a difficult praxis that instead allows films to stage their own, unique way of philosophizing. Benefitting from Peretz's restrained and sensitive guidance, 'Becoming Visionary' shows how films can pose deeply philosophical questions through strategies and devices that, for all their 'filmic' artifice, throw open radically new perspectives on how meaning is constructed, on how we engage our senses - and not just the visual -, and on how we as subjects process representation, narrative, and experience itself. 'Becoming Visionary' is thus a welcome addition to Stanford's Cultural Memory in the Present series, and is a work that students, teachers, and those interested in disciplines from Literature to Cultural Studies to Media & Film alike would do well to read and heed.


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How is one to think the significance of the art of film for philosophy? What would it mean to introduce film as a question into the heart of the philosophical enterprise? How would this transform our understanding of film, on the one hand, and of philosophy and the philosophical tradition, on the other? These are the questions that guide this project on the hitherto critically neglected but seminal film director Brian De Palma. Becoming Visionary: Brian De Palma's Cinematic Education of the Senses is located at the intersection of philosophy and film studies, and makes each of these disciplines productive and useful for each other in a new way. It is a concrete examination of the logic governing the work of a major American artist that is, at the same time, a general philosophical examination of the logic of meaning governing all the major filmic categories and is thus a comprehensive theory of film. Becoming Visionary develops a new matrix for thinking the relations between philosophy and film and, by extension, between philosophy and the arts

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The World That Never Was: A True Story of Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists, and Secret Agents (Vintage) Review

The World That Never Was: A True Story of Dreamers, Schemers, Anarchists, and Secret Agents (Vintage)
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The Paris Commune is a fascinating topic, and Butterworth gives it several chapters. Then he goes through the next fifty years, ending with 1932, when Hitler and Roosevelt came into power, almost glossing over the period in the nearly 400 pages left. Cons: he introduces a new person about every three paragraphs, then spends little time filling out the details on most of them; anarchists (and those who were called anarchists) during this period committed many notable crimes that are mileposts of recent history, but does Butterworth spend any time building anticipation for and understanding of the significance of the these acts? No. Where is the discussion of the ideals and philosophy of anarchism and socialism? Where are the Internationals? He talks about them a little, not much. Where's the elder Ulyanov brother and the attempts on the life of Alexander III? He and they are mentioned in passing. There's almost no discussion of the idealism of anarchism, namely, the assumption that people are Rousseauvian, capable of attaining socio/political paradise, and not much discussion of the reaction to anarchistic plots to blow people up. There are occasional morsels of moral philosophy as the foundation for anarchism and anarchistic violence, but very little, just enough to whet your appetite then leave you unrewarded. Butterworth talks about explosives as the anarchists became acquainted with them, but he doesn't say much about them, although he starts to as he discusses more and more explosive substances, so he neither avoids that subject nor deals with it in any detail, so there's not much to the nuts and bolts of the bomb-throwing aspect of anarchism. Some important moments in anarchism are neglected: Haymarket is quickly glossed over; where's the Siege of Sidney Street? Where are the great strikes? Homestead is in the book, but there are no conclusions drawn, historical, philosophical, political, or otherwise. There's nothing about the IWW or the Lawrence and Paterson anarchosyndicalist strikes. Henry Frick is there, but very little about his role in the history of the American labor movement. Butterworth talks a bit about the narodniki, but he doesn't say much about what their ideas were or their motivation to assassinate the tsar, although he talks about the frustration following the emancipation of the serfs. And the book is so densely written (not in any good sense, be advised) that it's a struggle to read through it. You would think that a book that deals with a multitude of vivid personalities and their high-profile crimes, carried out with alleged high ideals in mind would tell one engrossing story after another. Afraid not; the book clanks with long, convoluted, compound sentences that require more than one reading in many cases, but fails to provide the reader with a motivation to read them more than once. Pluses: the book deals with the shadows thrown in the dark corners of the Gilded Age and it talks in interesting detail about the Paris Commune, although once you've finished the book, if you didn't know what happened, you'd never know that the Prussians invaded France in 1870. There's a bit of interesting information about socialist communes in Kansas in the 1870s and anarchist exile in French New Caledonia; you get to know a bit more about some of the famous anarchists such as Kropotkin, Bakunin, Louis Lingg, and so on. But Butterworth spends an inordinate amount on the police infiltrators. Poor Louise Michel, with that bullet in her head. But where are Emma Goldman (given short shrift), Louise Bryant, Mother Jones, the founders of the IWW before they were the IWW, Big Bill Haywood, Daniel DeLeon? Where are the famous English anarchists? No Fabians discussed? Not much to see of them. Where's Edouard Bernstein? Lenin, Leibknecht, Rosa Luxemburg? Look for them in vain.

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Deep Survival: Who Lives, Who Dies, and Why Review

Deep Survival: Who Lives, Who Dies, and Why
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Laurence Gonzales has written a riveting book, not about survival technique, but survival philosophy. The points he makes can be applied to any situation in which you find yourself endangered physically, mentally, or emotionally. He weaves together the tao te ching, chaos theory, musings on Roman military tactics, biological lessons on how the brain works to help us preserve the species by preserving ourselves, true-life experiences from people who have endured some of the more bizarre "accidents", and his own taste for thrills.
Gonzales bookends the essays with the story of his father, a scientist who, as a young flier during WWII, was shot down over Germany. He FELL out of his plane--he didn't parachute, he literally fell--and lived through a harrowing recovery as a POW.
Why did his dad make it when the rest of his crew was killed?
Some of this has to do with events you can't control, and some of it has to do with how to control yourself so that you can find a way out of dire straits. He points out that some people can make every correct decision and end up being killed, while others make every wrong decision and walk out of the woods (or off a mountain...) unscathed. But, you can learn to THINK like a survivor, and greatly increase your chances of getting through what may seem, even to others in the same sinking boat, like a no-win situation.
Gonzales's dad taught him, "Plan the flight. Fly the plan, but don't fall in love with the plan." Being prepared is only part of the equation; being able to adjust to changing circumstances is what a lot of us forget about.
Reading this book is an adventure in itself. If you're a city dweller, like me, and don't anticipate not having the Sears Tower in your line of sight if you get disoriented, it's still enjoyable, and applicable to what you will eventually experience.
This book should be on every high school reading list. (Preferably BEFORE the kid takes driver's ed.)
I also recommend Gavin DeBecker's books, such as THE GIFT OF FEAR. He discusses some of what Gonzales does, insofar as honing your inner resources so they work FOR you, but he is also very specific regarding cases of direct threats from other people. Gonzales does discuss how non-survivors can compromise a survivor, but most of what he talks about is environmental.
If you are planning a wilderness trip or just a seemingly innocuous weekend hike, this book is a great reality check. It's also an inspiration. Some of these stories are just amazing, and they prove how tough, and sometimes dumb, a species we are.

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